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feat: implement ECS architecture with game entity management

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- Introduced a new Entity-Component-System (ECS) architecture for the game.
- Created foundational components such as Transform, Velocity, Health, and Collidable.
- Developed systems for handling input, movement, collision detection, and rendering.
- Added game logic for player control, coin collection, and obstacle interactions.
- Implemented a performance monitor for real-time metrics display.
- Enhanced game initialization and entity creation processes.

This update significantly refactors the game structure, improving maintainability and scalability.
This commit is contained in:
Juan Sebastián Montoya 2025-11-26 15:38:11 -05:00
parent 50544989ca
commit 7dd7477a3b
20 changed files with 1610 additions and 616 deletions
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657
index.html
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@ -15,9 +15,6 @@
font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif;
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
}
#gameCanvas {
display: block;
}
#ui {
position: absolute;
top: 20px;
@ -82,6 +79,26 @@
z-index: 100;
font-family: 'Courier New', monospace;
}
#perfMonitor {
position: absolute;
top: 60px;
right: 20px;
background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
padding: 10px;
border-radius: 5px;
color: #00ff00;
font-size: 12px;
font-family: 'Courier New', monospace;
z-index: 100;
display: none;
min-width: 120px;
}
#perfMonitor.visible {
display: block;
}
#perfMonitor .label {
color: #888;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
#instructions {
font-size: 14px;
@ -91,6 +108,11 @@
top: 10px;
right: 10px;
}
#perfMonitor {
top: 40px;
right: 10px;
font-size: 11px;
}
}
</style>
</head>
@ -102,6 +124,12 @@
<div id="version">v<span id="versionNumber">-</span></div>
<div id="perfMonitor">
<div><span class="label">FPS:</span> <span id="fps">60</span></div>
<div><span class="label">Frame:</span> <span id="frameTime">16.7</span>ms</div>
<div><span class="label">Entities:</span> <span id="entityCount">0</span></div>
</div>
<div id="gameOver">
<h1>Game Over!</h1>
<p>Final Score: <span id="finalScore">0</span></p>
@ -110,623 +138,22 @@
<div id="instructions">
<p><strong>Controls:</strong> WASD or Arrow Keys to move | Touch and drag to move (mobile) | Collect yellow coins | Avoid red obstacles!</p>
<p style="margin-top: 5px; font-size: 11px; opacity: 0.7;">Press "T" or shake device to toggle performance monitor</p>
</div>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/three.min.js"></script>
<script>
// Load and display version information
(function() {
fetch('/version.json')
.then(response => {
if (response.ok) {
return response.json();
}
throw new Error('Version file not found');
})
.then(data => {
const versionElement = document.getElementById('versionNumber');
if (versionElement && data.version) {
versionElement.textContent = data.version;
}
})
.catch(error => {
// Silently fail if version.json doesn't exist (e.g., in development)
console.debug('Version information not available:', error.message);
});
})();
<script type="module">
// Import Three.js from CDN
// Base GameObject class
class GameObject {
constructor(scene, groundSize) {
this.scene = scene;
this.groundSize = groundSize;
this.mesh = this.createMesh();
this.initialize();
scene.add(this.mesh);
}
import * as THREE from 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/three@0.181.2/build/three.module.js';
// Override in child classes
createMesh() {
throw new Error('createMesh() must be implemented by child class');
}
// Make THREE globally available for our modules
window.THREE = THREE;
// Override in child classes for initialization
initialize() {
// Default implementation - can be overridden
}
// Override in child classes for update logic
update(...args) {
// Default implementation - can be overridden
}
// Common collision detection
checkCollision(otherPosition, collisionRadius) {
const distance = this.mesh.position.distanceTo(otherPosition);
return distance < collisionRadius;
}
// Common position getter
getPosition() {
return this.mesh.position;
}
// Remove from scene
remove() {
this.scene.remove(this.mesh);
}
// Set position
setPosition(x, y, z) {
this.mesh.position.set(x, y, z);
}
// Get position vector
getPositionVector() {
return this.mesh.position.clone();
}
}
// Player class extends GameObject
class Player extends GameObject {
constructor(scene, groundSize) {
super(scene, groundSize);
this.maxSpeed = 0.15;
this.acceleration = 0.08;
this.deceleration = 0.12;
this.velocity = new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0);
}
createMesh() {
const geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
const material = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
color: 0x4169E1,
metalness: 0.3,
roughness: 0.4
});
const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
mesh.castShadow = true;
mesh.receiveShadow = true;
return mesh;
}
initialize() {
// Initialize velocity (needed because initialize is called from parent constructor)
if (!this.velocity) {
this.velocity = new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0);
}
this.reset();
}
reset() {
this.setPosition(0, 0.5, 0);
this.mesh.rotation.y = 0;
if (this.velocity) {
this.velocity.set(0, 0, 0);
}
}
update(keys) {
// Calculate target velocity based on input
const targetVelocity = new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0);
if (keys['w'] || keys['arrowup']) targetVelocity.z -= this.maxSpeed;
if (keys['s'] || keys['arrowdown']) targetVelocity.z += this.maxSpeed;
if (keys['a'] || keys['arrowleft']) targetVelocity.x -= this.maxSpeed;
if (keys['d'] || keys['arrowright']) targetVelocity.x += this.maxSpeed;
// Smoothly interpolate velocity towards target
const isMoving = targetVelocity.length() > 0;
const accelRate = isMoving ? this.acceleration : this.deceleration;
// Calculate velocity difference for each axis
const velDiffX = targetVelocity.x - this.velocity.x;
const velDiffZ = targetVelocity.z - this.velocity.z;
// Apply easing to each axis independently for smoother diagonal movement
if (Math.abs(velDiffX) > 0.001) {
this.velocity.x += velDiffX * accelRate;
} else {
this.velocity.x = targetVelocity.x;
}
if (Math.abs(velDiffZ) > 0.001) {
this.velocity.z += velDiffZ * accelRate;
} else {
this.velocity.z = targetVelocity.z;
}
// Apply velocity to position
this.mesh.position.add(this.velocity);
// Boundary checks
const boundary = this.groundSize / 2 - 0.5;
this.mesh.position.x = Math.max(-boundary, Math.min(boundary, this.mesh.position.x));
this.mesh.position.z = Math.max(-boundary, Math.min(boundary, this.mesh.position.z));
// Stop velocity if hitting boundary
if (Math.abs(this.mesh.position.x) >= boundary) {
this.velocity.x = 0;
}
if (Math.abs(this.mesh.position.z) >= boundary) {
this.velocity.z = 0;
}
// Rotate player based on movement
if (this.velocity.length() > 0.01) {
this.mesh.rotation.y += 0.1;
}
}
handleCollision(obstaclePosition) {
const pushDirection = this.mesh.position.clone().sub(obstaclePosition);
pushDirection.y = 0;
pushDirection.normalize();
this.mesh.position.add(pushDirection.multiplyScalar(0.3));
this.mesh.position.y = 0.5;
}
}
// Coin class extends GameObject
class Coin extends GameObject {
constructor(scene, groundSize, index = 0) {
super(scene, groundSize);
this.index = index;
this.rotationSpeed = 0.02;
this.collisionRadius = 0.8;
}
createMesh() {
const geometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(0.3, 16, 16);
const material = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
color: 0xFFD700,
metalness: 0.8,
roughness: 0.2,
emissive: 0xFFD700,
emissiveIntensity: 0.3
});
const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
mesh.castShadow = true;
mesh.receiveShadow = true;
return mesh;
}
initialize() {
this.setRandomPosition();
}
setRandomPosition() {
const x = (Math.random() - 0.5) * (this.groundSize - 4);
const z = (Math.random() - 0.5) * (this.groundSize - 4);
this.setPosition(x, 0.5, z);
}
update() {
this.mesh.rotation.y += this.rotationSpeed;
this.mesh.position.y = 0.5 + Math.sin(Date.now() * 0.003 + this.index) * 0.2;
}
checkCollisionWithPlayer(playerPosition) {
return this.checkCollision(playerPosition, this.collisionRadius);
}
}
// Obstacle class extends GameObject
class Obstacle extends GameObject {
constructor(scene, groundSize) {
super(scene, groundSize);
this.direction = this.createRandomDirection();
this.collisionRadius = 1.5;
}
createMesh() {
const geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(1.5, 2, 1.5);
const material = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
color: 0xFF4500,
metalness: 0.3,
roughness: 0.7
});
const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
mesh.castShadow = true;
mesh.receiveShadow = true;
return mesh;
}
initialize() {
this.setRandomPosition();
this.mesh.position.y = 1;
}
createRandomDirection() {
return new THREE.Vector3(
(Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.05,
0,
(Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.05
);
}
setRandomPosition() {
let posX, posZ;
do {
posX = (Math.random() - 0.5) * (this.groundSize - 4);
posZ = (Math.random() - 0.5) * (this.groundSize - 4);
} while (Math.abs(posX) < 3 && Math.abs(posZ) < 3);
this.setPosition(posX, 1, posZ);
}
update() {
this.mesh.position.add(this.direction);
// Bounce off boundaries
const boundary = this.groundSize / 2 - 1;
if (Math.abs(this.mesh.position.x) > boundary) {
this.direction.x *= -1;
}
if (Math.abs(this.mesh.position.z) > boundary) {
this.direction.z *= -1;
}
}
checkCollisionWithPlayer(playerPosition) {
return this.checkCollision(playerPosition, this.collisionRadius);
}
}
// Game class
class Game {
constructor() {
this.groundSize = 30;
this.score = 0;
this.health = 100;
this.gameActive = true;
this.keys = {};
this.coins = [];
this.obstacles = [];
this.touchActive = false;
this.touchStartX = 0;
this.touchStartY = 0;
this.touchCurrentX = 0;
this.touchCurrentY = 0;
this.touchId = null;
this.init();
this.setupEventListeners();
this.animate();
}
init() {
this.setupScene();
this.setupCamera();
this.setupRenderer();
this.setupLights();
this.setupGround();
this.setupPlayer();
this.createGameObjects();
}
setupScene() {
this.scene = new THREE.Scene();
this.scene.background = new THREE.Color(0x87CEEB);
this.scene.fog = new THREE.Fog(0x87CEEB, 0, 50);
}
setupCamera() {
this.camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(
75,
window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight,
0.1,
1000
);
this.camera.position.set(0, 10, 15);
this.camera.lookAt(0, 0, 0);
}
setupRenderer() {
this.renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });
this.renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
this.renderer.shadowMap.enabled = true;
this.renderer.shadowMap.type = THREE.PCFSoftShadowMap;
document.body.appendChild(this.renderer.domElement);
}
setupLights() {
const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 0.6);
this.scene.add(ambientLight);
const directionalLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 0.8);
directionalLight.position.set(10, 20, 10);
directionalLight.castShadow = true;
directionalLight.shadow.mapSize.width = 2048;
directionalLight.shadow.mapSize.height = 2048;
directionalLight.shadow.camera.left = -20;
directionalLight.shadow.camera.right = 20;
directionalLight.shadow.camera.top = 20;
directionalLight.shadow.camera.bottom = -20;
directionalLight.shadow.camera.near = 0.5;
directionalLight.shadow.camera.far = 50;
this.scene.add(directionalLight);
}
setupGround() {
const groundGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(this.groundSize, this.groundSize);
const groundMaterial = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
color: 0x90EE90,
roughness: 0.8
});
const ground = new THREE.Mesh(groundGeometry, groundMaterial);
ground.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
ground.receiveShadow = true;
this.scene.add(ground);
const gridHelper = new THREE.GridHelper(this.groundSize, 20, 0x000000, 0x000000);
gridHelper.material.opacity = 0.2;
gridHelper.material.transparent = true;
this.scene.add(gridHelper);
}
setupPlayer() {
this.player = new Player(this.scene, this.groundSize);
}
createGameObjects() {
this.createCoins(10);
this.createObstacles(8);
}
createCoins(count) {
for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
const coin = new Coin(this.scene, this.groundSize, this.coins.length);
this.coins.push(coin);
}
}
createObstacles(count) {
for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
const obstacle = new Obstacle(this.scene, this.groundSize);
this.obstacles.push(obstacle);
}
}
setupEventListeners() {
window.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
this.keys[e.key.toLowerCase()] = true;
});
window.addEventListener('keyup', (e) => {
this.keys[e.key.toLowerCase()] = false;
});
window.addEventListener('resize', () => this.onWindowResize());
document.getElementById('restartBtn').addEventListener('click', () => this.restart());
// Touch event listeners
this.setupTouchControls();
}
setupTouchControls() {
const canvas = this.renderer.domElement;
// Prevent default touch behaviors
canvas.addEventListener('touchstart', (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
this.handleTouchStart(e);
}, { passive: false });
canvas.addEventListener('touchmove', (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
this.handleTouchMove(e);
}, { passive: false });
canvas.addEventListener('touchend', (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
this.handleTouchEnd(e);
}, { passive: false });
canvas.addEventListener('touchcancel', (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
this.handleTouchEnd(e);
}, { passive: false });
}
handleTouchStart(e) {
if (this.touchActive) return;
const touch = e.touches[0];
const rect = this.renderer.domElement.getBoundingClientRect();
// Use center of screen as reference point
this.touchStartX = rect.left + rect.width / 2;
this.touchStartY = rect.top + rect.height / 2;
this.touchId = touch.identifier;
this.touchCurrentX = touch.clientX;
this.touchCurrentY = touch.clientY;
this.touchActive = true;
}
handleTouchMove(e) {
if (!this.touchActive) return;
const touch = Array.from(e.touches).find(t => t.identifier === this.touchId);
if (!touch) return;
this.touchCurrentX = touch.clientX;
this.touchCurrentY = touch.clientY;
this.updateTouchMovement();
}
handleTouchEnd(e) {
if (!this.touchActive) return;
// Check if the touch that ended is our tracked touch
const touch = Array.from(e.changedTouches).find(t => t.identifier === this.touchId);
if (!touch) return;
this.touchActive = false;
this.touchId = null;
this.touchCurrentX = this.touchStartX;
this.touchCurrentY = this.touchStartY;
this.updateTouchMovement();
}
updateTouchMovement() {
if (!this.touchActive) {
// Reset all movement keys
this.keys['w'] = false;
this.keys['s'] = false;
this.keys['a'] = false;
this.keys['d'] = false;
return;
}
const deltaX = this.touchCurrentX - this.touchStartX;
const deltaY = this.touchCurrentY - this.touchStartY;
const distance = Math.sqrt(deltaX * deltaX + deltaY * deltaY);
// Normalize movement direction
const threshold = 10; // Minimum movement to register
if (distance < threshold) {
this.keys['w'] = false;
this.keys['s'] = false;
this.keys['a'] = false;
this.keys['d'] = false;
return;
}
// Calculate direction
const normalizedX = deltaX / distance;
const normalizedY = deltaY / distance;
// Update movement keys based on direction
this.keys['w'] = normalizedY < -0.3;
this.keys['s'] = normalizedY > 0.3;
this.keys['a'] = normalizedX < -0.3;
this.keys['d'] = normalizedX > 0.3;
}
updatePlayer() {
if (!this.gameActive) return;
this.player.update(this.keys);
}
updateCoins() {
this.coins.forEach((coin, index) => {
coin.update();
if (coin.checkCollisionWithPlayer(this.player.getPosition())) {
coin.remove();
this.coins.splice(index, 1);
this.score += 10;
this.updateUI();
this.createCoins(1);
}
});
}
updateObstacles() {
if (!this.gameActive) return;
this.obstacles.forEach(obstacle => {
obstacle.update();
if (obstacle.checkCollisionWithPlayer(this.player.getPosition())) {
this.health -= 1;
this.updateUI();
this.player.handleCollision(obstacle.getPosition());
if (this.health <= 0) {
this.gameOver();
}
}
});
}
updateCamera() {
const playerPos = this.player.getPosition();
this.camera.position.x = playerPos.x;
this.camera.position.z = playerPos.z + 15;
this.camera.lookAt(playerPos);
}
updateUI() {
document.getElementById('score').textContent = this.score;
document.getElementById('health').textContent = Math.max(0, this.health);
}
gameOver() {
this.gameActive = false;
document.getElementById('finalScore').textContent = this.score;
document.getElementById('gameOver').style.display = 'block';
}
restart() {
// Remove all coins and obstacles
this.coins.forEach(coin => coin.remove());
this.obstacles.forEach(obstacle => obstacle.remove());
this.coins = [];
this.obstacles = [];
// Reset player
this.player.reset();
// Reset game state
this.score = 0;
this.health = 100;
this.gameActive = true;
// Recreate game objects
this.createGameObjects();
// Hide game over screen
document.getElementById('gameOver').style.display = 'none';
this.updateUI();
}
onWindowResize() {
this.camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
this.camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
this.renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
}
animate() {
requestAnimationFrame(() => this.animate());
// Update touch movement if active
if (this.touchActive) {
this.updateTouchMovement();
}
this.updatePlayer();
this.updateCoins();
this.updateObstacles();
this.updateCamera();
this.renderer.render(this.scene, this.camera);
}
}
// Start the game
const game = new Game();
// Load the game after THREE is loaded
import('./src/main.js').catch(err => {
console.error('Failed to load game:', err);
});
</script>
</body>
</html>

20
src/components/Collidable.js Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
/**
* Collidable component - defines collision properties for an entity
*/
export class Collidable {
/**
* @param {number} [radius=1.0] - Collision radius
* @param {string} [layer='default'] - Collision layer (e.g., 'player', 'coin', 'obstacle')
*/
constructor(radius = 1.0, layer = 'default') {
/** @type {number} Collision detection radius */
this.radius = radius;
/** @type {string} Collision layer identifier */
this.layer = layer;
/** @type {string[]} Array of layer names this entity can collide with */
this.collidesWith = [];
}
}

50
src/components/Health.js Normal file
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/**
* Health component - health points and damage/healing logic for entities
*/
export class Health {
/**
* @param {number} [maxHealth=100] - Maximum health points
*/
constructor(maxHealth = 100) {
/** @type {number} Maximum health value */
this.maxHealth = maxHealth;
/** @type {number} Current health value */
this.currentHealth = maxHealth;
}
/**
* Apply damage to the entity
* @param {number} amount - Damage amount
* @returns {boolean} True if entity is dead (health <= 0)
*/
damage(amount) {
this.currentHealth = Math.max(0, this.currentHealth - amount);
return this.currentHealth <= 0;
}
/**
* Heal the entity
* @param {number} amount - Heal amount
*/
heal(amount) {
this.currentHealth = Math.min(this.maxHealth, this.currentHealth + amount);
}
/**
* Check if entity is alive
* @returns {boolean} True if health > 0
*/
isAlive() {
return this.currentHealth > 0;
}
/**
* Get health as a percentage
* @returns {number} Health percentage (0-100)
*/
getPercentage() {
return (this.currentHealth / this.maxHealth) * 100;
}
}

19
src/components/MeshComponent.js Normal file
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/**
* Mesh component - holds reference to Three.js mesh for rendering
*/
export class MeshComponent {
/**
* @param {THREE.Mesh} mesh - The Three.js mesh to render
*/
constructor(mesh) {
/** @type {THREE.Mesh} The Three.js mesh object */
this.mesh = mesh;
/** @type {boolean} Whether this mesh casts shadows */
this.castShadow = true;
/** @type {boolean} Whether this mesh receives shadows */
this.receiveShadow = true;
}
}

66
src/components/Tags.js Normal file
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/**
* Tag components - simple markers and metadata for entity types.
* These are lightweight components used for filtering and entity-specific data.
*/
/**
* PlayerTag - marks the player entity
*/
export class PlayerTag {}
/**
* CoinTag - marks collectible coin entities with animation properties
*/
export class CoinTag {
/**
* @param {number} [index=0] - Unique index for this coin
*/
constructor(index = 0) {
/** @type {number} Unique identifier for animation offset */
this.index = index;
/** @type {number} Rotation speed for coin spin */
this.rotationSpeed = 0.02;
/** @type {number} Bobbing animation speed */
this.bobSpeed = 0.003;
/** @type {number} Bobbing animation height */
this.bobAmount = 0.2;
}
}
/**
* ObstacleTag - marks obstacle entities with movement properties
*/
export class ObstacleTag {
constructor() {
/** @type {number} Movement speed for obstacle */
this.speed = 0.05;
}
}
/**
* BoundaryConstrained - marks entities that should stay within boundaries
*/
export class BoundaryConstrained {
/**
* @param {number} [boundarySize=30] - Total size of the boundary area
*/
constructor(boundarySize = 30) {
/** @type {number} Total boundary size */
this.boundarySize = boundarySize;
/** @type {number} Safety margin from edges */
this.margin = 0.5;
}
/**
* Get the effective boundary accounting for margin
* @returns {number} Usable boundary from center
*/
getBoundary() {
return this.boundarySize / 2 - this.margin;
}
}

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src/components/Transform.js Normal file
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/**
* Transform component - position, rotation, and scale in 3D space
*/
export class Transform {
/**
* @param {number} [x=0] - X position
* @param {number} [y=0] - Y position
* @param {number} [z=0] - Z position
*/
constructor(x = 0, y = 0, z = 0) {
/** @type {THREE.Vector3} */
this.position = new window.THREE.Vector3(x, y, z);
/** @type {THREE.Euler} */
this.rotation = new window.THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0);
/** @type {THREE.Vector3} */
this.scale = new window.THREE.Vector3(1, 1, 1);
}
/**
* Set the position
* @param {number} x - X position
* @param {number} y - Y position
* @param {number} z - Z position
*/
setPosition(x, y, z) {
this.position.set(x, y, z);
}
/**
* Get a clone of the position
* @returns {THREE.Vector3} Cloned position vector
*/
getPosition() {
return this.position.clone();
}
}

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src/components/Velocity.js Normal file
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/**
* Velocity component - movement speed, direction, and physics properties
*/
export class Velocity {
/**
* @param {number} [x=0] - Initial X velocity
* @param {number} [y=0] - Initial Y velocity
* @param {number} [z=0] - Initial Z velocity
*/
constructor(x = 0, y = 0, z = 0) {
/** @type {THREE.Vector3} */
this.velocity = new window.THREE.Vector3(x, y, z);
/** @type {number} Maximum speed magnitude */
this.maxSpeed = 0.15;
/** @type {number} Acceleration rate */
this.acceleration = 0.08;
/** @type {number} Deceleration rate */
this.deceleration = 0.12;
}
/**
* Set velocity directly
* @param {number} x - X velocity
* @param {number} y - Y velocity
* @param {number} z - Z velocity
*/
set(x, y, z) {
this.velocity.set(x, y, z);
}
/**
* Add to current velocity
* @param {number} x - X velocity to add
* @param {number} y - Y velocity to add
* @param {number} z - Z velocity to add
*/
add(x, y, z) {
this.velocity.add(new window.THREE.Vector3(x, y, z));
}
/**
* Multiply velocity by scalar
* @param {number} scalar - Multiplier
*/
multiplyScalar(scalar) {
this.velocity.multiplyScalar(scalar);
}
/**
* Get the magnitude of velocity
* @returns {number} Velocity magnitude
*/
length() {
return this.velocity.length();
}
/**
* Reset velocity to zero
*/
reset() {
this.velocity.set(0, 0, 0);
}
}

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/**
* Base class for all systems.
* Systems contain logic that operates on entities with specific components.
*
* @typedef {import('./World.js').EntityId} EntityId
* @typedef {import('./World.js').ComponentClass} ComponentClass
*/
export class System {
constructor() {
/** @type {import('./World.js').World|null} */
this.world = null;
/** @type {boolean} */
this.enabled = true;
}
/**
* Called once when the system is added to the world
*/
init() {}
/**
* Called every frame
* @param {number} deltaTime - Time since last frame in seconds
*/
update(_deltaTime) {}
/**
* Called when the system is removed or world is cleaned up
*/
cleanup() {}
/**
* Helper to get entities with specific components
* @param {...ComponentClass} componentClasses - The component classes to filter by
* @returns {EntityId[]} Array of entity IDs
*/
getEntities(...componentClasses) {
return this.world.getEntitiesWithComponents(...componentClasses);
}
/**
* Helper to get a component from an entity
* @template T
* @param {EntityId} entityId - The entity ID
* @param {new (...args: any[]) => T} componentClass - The component class
* @returns {T|undefined} The component instance or undefined
*/
getComponent(entityId, componentClass) {
return this.world.getComponent(entityId, componentClass);
}
}

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/**
* World manages all entities, components, and systems in the ECS architecture.
*
* @typedef {number} EntityId - Unique identifier for an entity
* @typedef {Function} ComponentClass - A component class constructor
* @typedef {Object} Component - A component instance (data only)
*/
export class World {
constructor() {
/** @type {Map<EntityId, Set<ComponentClass>>} */
this.entities = new Map(); // entityId -> Set of component classes
/** @type {Map<ComponentClass, Map<EntityId, Component>>} */
this.components = new Map(); // componentClass -> Map(entityId -> component)
/** @type {import('./System.js').System[]} */
this.systems = [];
/** @type {EntityId} */
this.nextEntityId = 1;
}
/**
* Create a new entity and return its ID
* @returns {EntityId} The newly created entity ID
*/
createEntity() {
const id = this.nextEntityId++;
this.entities.set(id, new Set());
return id;
}
/**
* Remove an entity and all its components
* @param {EntityId} entityId - The entity to remove
*/
removeEntity(entityId) {
if (!this.entities.has(entityId)) return;
// Remove all components for this entity
const componentClasses = this.entities.get(entityId);
for (const componentClass of componentClasses) {
const componentMap = this.components.get(componentClass);
if (componentMap) {
componentMap.delete(entityId);
}
}
this.entities.delete(entityId);
}
/**
* Add a component instance to an entity. Component class is inferred from the instance.
* @param {EntityId} entityId - The entity to add the component to
* @param {Component} component - The component instance (must have a constructor)
* @throws {Error} If entity doesn't exist
*/
addComponent(entityId, component) {
if (!this.entities.has(entityId)) {
throw new Error(`Entity ${entityId} does not exist`);
}
const componentClass = component.constructor;
// Track that this entity has this component class
this.entities.get(entityId).add(componentClass);
// Store the component instance
if (!this.components.has(componentClass)) {
this.components.set(componentClass, new Map());
}
this.components.get(componentClass).set(entityId, component);
}
/**
* Get a component from an entity
* @template T
* @param {EntityId} entityId - The entity ID
* @param {new (...args: any[]) => T} componentClass - The component class
* @returns {T|undefined} The component instance or undefined
*/
getComponent(entityId, componentClass) {
const componentMap = this.components.get(componentClass);
return componentMap ? componentMap.get(entityId) : undefined;
}
/**
* Check if an entity has a component
* @param {EntityId} entityId - The entity ID
* @param {ComponentClass} componentClass - The component class
* @returns {boolean} True if the entity has the component
*/
hasComponent(entityId, componentClass) {
return this.entities.get(entityId)?.has(componentClass) || false;
}
/**
* Remove a component from an entity
* @param {EntityId} entityId - The entity ID
* @param {ComponentClass} componentClass - The component class to remove
*/
removeComponent(entityId, componentClass) {
const entityComponents = this.entities.get(entityId);
if (entityComponents) {
entityComponents.delete(componentClass);
}
const componentMap = this.components.get(componentClass);
if (componentMap) {
componentMap.delete(entityId);
}
}
/**
* Get all entities that have ALL of the specified component classes
* @param {...ComponentClass} componentClasses - The component classes to filter by
* @returns {EntityId[]} Array of entity IDs that have all specified components
*/
getEntitiesWithComponents(...componentClasses) {
const result = [];
for (const [entityId, entityComponentClasses] of this.entities.entries()) {
const hasAll = componentClasses.every(cls => entityComponentClasses.has(cls));
if (hasAll) {
result.push(entityId);
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* Add a system to the world
* @param {import('./System.js').System} system - The system to add
*/
addSystem(system) {
system.world = this;
this.systems.push(system);
if (system.init) {
system.init();
}
}
/**
* Update all systems with delta time
* @param {number} deltaTime - Time elapsed since last frame (in seconds)
*/
update(deltaTime) {
for (const system of this.systems) {
if (system.enabled !== false) {
system.update(deltaTime);
}
}
}
/**
* Cleanup all systems and clear all entities/components
*/
cleanup() {
for (const system of this.systems) {
if (system.cleanup) {
system.cleanup();
}
}
this.entities.clear();
this.components.clear();
this.systems = [];
}
}

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import { Transform } from '../components/Transform.js';
import { Velocity } from '../components/Velocity.js';
import { MeshComponent } from '../components/MeshComponent.js';
import { Collidable } from '../components/Collidable.js';
import { Health } from '../components/Health.js';
import { PlayerTag, CoinTag, ObstacleTag, BoundaryConstrained } from '../components/Tags.js';
/**
* EntityFactory - creates pre-configured game entities with appropriate components.
* Centralizes entity creation logic for consistency.
*
* @typedef {import('../ecs/World.js').EntityId} EntityId
*/
export class EntityFactory {
/**
* @param {import('../ecs/World.js').World} world - The ECS world
* @param {THREE.Scene} scene - The Three.js scene
*/
constructor(world, scene) {
/** @type {import('../ecs/World.js').World} */
this.world = world;
/** @type {THREE.Scene} */
this.scene = scene;
/** @type {number} Size of the game ground/play area */
this.groundSize = 30;
}
/**
* Create the player entity
* @returns {EntityId} The player entity ID
*/
createPlayer() {
const entity = this.world.createEntity();
// Create mesh
const geometry = new window.THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
const material = new window.THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
color: 0x4169E1,
metalness: 0.3,
roughness: 0.4
});
const mesh = new window.THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
mesh.castShadow = true;
mesh.receiveShadow = true;
this.scene.add(mesh);
// Add components
this.world.addComponent(entity, new Transform(0, 0.5, 0));
this.world.addComponent(entity, new Velocity());
this.world.addComponent(entity, new MeshComponent(mesh));
this.world.addComponent(entity, new Collidable(0, 'player')); // Player center point (original behavior)
this.world.addComponent(entity, new Health(100));
this.world.addComponent(entity, new PlayerTag());
this.world.addComponent(entity, new BoundaryConstrained(this.groundSize));
return entity;
}
/**
* Create a collectible coin entity
* @param {number} [index=0] - Unique index for animation offset
* @returns {EntityId} The coin entity ID
*/
createCoin(index = 0) {
const entity = this.world.createEntity();
// Create mesh
const geometry = new window.THREE.SphereGeometry(0.3, 16, 16);
const material = new window.THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
color: 0xFFD700,
metalness: 0.8,
roughness: 0.2,
emissive: 0xFFD700,
emissiveIntensity: 0.3
});
const mesh = new window.THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
mesh.castShadow = true;
mesh.receiveShadow = true;
this.scene.add(mesh);
// Random position
const x = (Math.random() - 0.5) * (this.groundSize - 4);
const z = (Math.random() - 0.5) * (this.groundSize - 4);
// Add components
this.world.addComponent(entity, new Transform(x, 0.5, z));
this.world.addComponent(entity, new MeshComponent(mesh));
this.world.addComponent(entity, new Collidable(0.8, 'coin'));
this.world.addComponent(entity, new CoinTag(index));
return entity;
}
/**
* Create an obstacle entity
* @returns {EntityId} The obstacle entity ID
*/
createObstacle() {
const entity = this.world.createEntity();
// Create mesh
const geometry = new window.THREE.BoxGeometry(1.5, 2, 1.5);
const material = new window.THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
color: 0xFF4500,
metalness: 0.3,
roughness: 0.7
});
const mesh = new window.THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
mesh.castShadow = true;
mesh.receiveShadow = true;
this.scene.add(mesh);
// Random position (away from center)
let posX, posZ;
do {
posX = (Math.random() - 0.5) * (this.groundSize - 4);
posZ = (Math.random() - 0.5) * (this.groundSize - 4);
} while (Math.abs(posX) < 3 && Math.abs(posZ) < 3);
// Random velocity
const velocity = new Velocity(
(Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.05,
0,
(Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.05
);
// Add components
this.world.addComponent(entity, new Transform(posX, 1, posZ));
this.world.addComponent(entity, velocity);
this.world.addComponent(entity, new MeshComponent(mesh));
this.world.addComponent(entity, new Collidable(1.5, 'obstacle'));
this.world.addComponent(entity, new ObstacleTag());
this.world.addComponent(entity, new BoundaryConstrained(this.groundSize));
return entity;
}
/**
* Remove entity and its mesh from scene
* @param {EntityId} entityId - The entity to destroy
*/
destroyEntity(entityId) {
// Remove mesh from scene if it exists
const meshComp = this.world.getComponent(entityId, MeshComponent);
if (meshComp) {
this.scene.remove(meshComp.mesh);
meshComp.mesh.geometry.dispose();
meshComp.mesh.material.dispose();
}
// Remove entity from world
this.world.removeEntity(entityId);
}
}

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import { World } from '../ecs/World.js';
import { EntityFactory } from './EntityFactory.js';
// Systems
import { InputSystem } from '../systems/InputSystem.js';
import { PlayerControlSystem } from '../systems/PlayerControlSystem.js';
import { MovementSystem } from '../systems/MovementSystem.js';
import { BoundarySystem } from '../systems/BoundarySystem.js';
import { CoinSystem } from '../systems/CoinSystem.js';
import { ObstacleSystem } from '../systems/ObstacleSystem.js';
import { CollisionSystem } from '../systems/CollisionSystem.js';
import { RenderSystem } from '../systems/RenderSystem.js';
// Components
import { Transform } from '../components/Transform.js';
import { Health } from '../components/Health.js';
/**
* Main Game class - manages the game loop and coordinates all systems.
* Orchestrates the ECS architecture and Three.js rendering.
*
* @typedef {import('../ecs/World.js').EntityId} EntityId
*/
export class Game {
constructor() {
/** @type {number} Size of the game play area */
this.groundSize = 30;
/** @type {number} Current game score */
this.score = 0;
/** @type {boolean} Whether the game is currently active */
this.gameActive = true;
/** @type {EntityId|null} The player entity ID */
this.playerEntity = null;
/** @type {EntityId[]} Array of coin entity IDs */
this.coins = [];
/** @type {EntityId[]} Array of obstacle entity IDs */
this.obstacles = [];
/** @type {number} Last frame timestamp for deltaTime calculation */
this.lastTime = performance.now();
/** @type {number} Maximum deltaTime cap (in seconds) to prevent huge jumps */
this.maxDeltaTime = 0.1; // 100ms cap
/** @type {number} Smoothed FPS for display */
this.smoothedFPS = 60;
/** @type {number} Last time performance monitor was updated */
this.lastPerfUpdate = performance.now();
/** @type {boolean} Whether the game is paused (e.g., tab not visible) */
this.isPaused = false;
/** @type {boolean} Whether performance monitor is visible */
this.perfMonitorVisible = false;
/** @type {Object} Shake detection state */
this.shakeDetection = {
lastX: 0,
lastY: 0,
lastZ: 0,
shakeThreshold: 15,
shakeCount: 0,
lastShakeTime: 0
};
this.init();
this.setupEventListeners();
this.animate();
}
/**
* Initialize the game (ECS, Three.js, entities)
*/
init() {
// Initialize ECS
this.world = new World();
// Setup Three.js
this.setupScene();
this.setupCamera();
this.setupRenderer();
this.setupLights();
this.setupGround();
// Create entity factory
this.entityFactory = new EntityFactory(this.world, this.scene);
// Initialize systems
this.setupSystems();
// Create game entities
this.createGameEntities();
}
setupScene() {
this.scene = new window.THREE.Scene();
this.scene.background = new window.THREE.Color(0x87CEEB);
this.scene.fog = new window.THREE.Fog(0x87CEEB, 0, 50);
}
setupCamera() {
this.camera = new window.THREE.PerspectiveCamera(
75,
window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight,
0.1,
1000
);
this.camera.position.set(0, 10, 15);
this.camera.lookAt(0, 0, 0);
}
setupRenderer() {
this.renderer = new window.THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });
this.renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
this.renderer.shadowMap.enabled = true;
this.renderer.shadowMap.type = window.THREE.PCFSoftShadowMap;
document.body.appendChild(this.renderer.domElement);
}
setupLights() {
// Increased ambient light for brighter scene (was 0.6)
const ambientLight = new window.THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 0.6);
this.scene.add(ambientLight);
// Increased directional light for better clarity (was 0.8)
const directionalLight = new window.THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 3.0);
directionalLight.position.set(10, 20, 10);
directionalLight.castShadow = true;
directionalLight.shadow.mapSize.width = 2048;
directionalLight.shadow.mapSize.height = 2048;
directionalLight.shadow.camera.left = -20;
directionalLight.shadow.camera.right = 20;
directionalLight.shadow.camera.top = 20;
directionalLight.shadow.camera.bottom = -20;
directionalLight.shadow.camera.near = 0.5;
directionalLight.shadow.camera.far = 50;
this.scene.add(directionalLight);
}
setupGround() {
const groundGeometry = new window.THREE.PlaneGeometry(this.groundSize, this.groundSize);
const groundMaterial = new window.THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
color: 0x90EE90,
roughness: 0.8
});
const ground = new window.THREE.Mesh(groundGeometry, groundMaterial);
ground.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
ground.receiveShadow = true;
this.scene.add(ground);
const gridHelper = new window.THREE.GridHelper(this.groundSize, 20, 0x000000, 0x000000);
gridHelper.material.opacity = 0.2;
gridHelper.material.transparent = true;
this.scene.add(gridHelper);
}
setupSystems() {
// Input system (must be first)
this.inputSystem = new InputSystem();
this.world.addSystem(this.inputSystem);
// Player control
this.world.addSystem(new PlayerControlSystem(this.inputSystem));
// Movement and physics
this.world.addSystem(new MovementSystem());
this.world.addSystem(new BoundarySystem());
this.world.addSystem(new ObstacleSystem());
// Game-specific behavior
this.world.addSystem(new CoinSystem());
// Collision detection
this.collisionSystem = new CollisionSystem();
this.collisionSystem.onCollision((entity1, entity2, layer1, layer2) => {
this.handleCollision(entity1, entity2, layer1, layer2);
});
this.world.addSystem(this.collisionSystem);
// Rendering (must be last to sync transforms)
this.world.addSystem(new RenderSystem(this.scene));
}
createGameEntities() {
// Create player
this.playerEntity = this.entityFactory.createPlayer();
// Create coins
for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
const coin = this.entityFactory.createCoin(this.coins.length);
this.coins.push(coin);
}
// Create obstacles
for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
const obstacle = this.entityFactory.createObstacle();
this.obstacles.push(obstacle);
}
}
handleCollision(entity1, entity2, layer1, layer2) {
if (!this.gameActive) return;
// Player-Coin collision
if ((layer1 === 'player' && layer2 === 'coin') || (layer1 === 'coin' && layer2 === 'player')) {
const coinEntity = layer1 === 'coin' ? entity1 : entity2;
this.collectCoin(coinEntity);
}
// Player-Obstacle collision
if ((layer1 === 'player' && layer2 === 'obstacle') || (layer1 === 'obstacle' && layer2 === 'player')) {
const playerEntity = layer1 === 'player' ? entity1 : entity2;
const obstacleEntity = layer1 === 'obstacle' ? entity1 : entity2;
this.handleObstacleCollision(playerEntity, obstacleEntity);
}
}
collectCoin(coinEntity) {
// Remove coin
this.entityFactory.destroyEntity(coinEntity);
const index = this.coins.indexOf(coinEntity);
if (index > -1) {
this.coins.splice(index, 1);
}
// Update score
this.score += 10;
this.updateUI();
// Spawn new coin
const newCoin = this.entityFactory.createCoin(this.coins.length);
this.coins.push(newCoin);
}
handleObstacleCollision(playerEntity, obstacleEntity) {
const health = this.world.getComponent(playerEntity, Health);
const playerTransform = this.world.getComponent(playerEntity, Transform);
const obstacleTransform = this.world.getComponent(obstacleEntity, Transform);
// Damage player
const isDead = health.damage(1);
// Push player back
const pushDirection = playerTransform.position.clone().sub(obstacleTransform.position);
pushDirection.y = 0;
pushDirection.normalize();
playerTransform.position.add(pushDirection.multiplyScalar(0.3));
playerTransform.position.y = 0.5;
this.updateUI();
if (isDead) {
this.gameOver();
}
}
updateCamera() {
if (!this.playerEntity) return;
const playerTransform = this.world.getComponent(this.playerEntity, Transform);
if (playerTransform) {
this.camera.position.x = playerTransform.position.x;
this.camera.position.z = playerTransform.position.z + 15;
this.camera.lookAt(playerTransform.position);
}
}
updateUI() {
document.getElementById('score').textContent = this.score;
const health = this.world.getComponent(this.playerEntity, Health);
if (health) {
document.getElementById('health').textContent = Math.max(0, health.currentHealth);
}
}
gameOver() {
this.gameActive = false;
document.getElementById('finalScore').textContent = this.score;
document.getElementById('gameOver').style.display = 'block';
}
restart() {
// Clean up old entities
[...this.coins].forEach(coin => this.entityFactory.destroyEntity(coin));
[...this.obstacles].forEach(obstacle => this.entityFactory.destroyEntity(obstacle));
if (this.playerEntity) {
this.entityFactory.destroyEntity(this.playerEntity);
}
this.coins = [];
this.obstacles = [];
// Reset game state
this.score = 0;
this.gameActive = true;
this.lastTime = performance.now(); // Reset timer to prevent deltaTime spike
// Recreate entities
this.createGameEntities();
// Hide game over screen
document.getElementById('gameOver').style.display = 'none';
this.updateUI();
}
setupEventListeners() {
window.addEventListener('resize', () => this.onWindowResize());
document.getElementById('restartBtn').addEventListener('click', () => this.restart());
// Toggle performance monitor with 'T' key
window.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
if (e.key.toLowerCase() === 't') {
this.togglePerformanceMonitor();
}
});
// Shake detection for mobile
if (window.DeviceMotionEvent) {
window.addEventListener('devicemotion', (e) => this.handleDeviceMotion(e), false);
}
// Pause game when tab loses focus
document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', () => {
if (document.hidden) {
this.isPaused = true;
console.log('Game paused (tab hidden)');
} else {
this.isPaused = false;
// Reset timer to prevent deltaTime spike
this.lastTime = performance.now();
console.log('Game resumed');
}
});
// Also handle window blur/focus as fallback
window.addEventListener('blur', () => {
this.isPaused = true;
});
window.addEventListener('focus', () => {
if (!document.hidden) {
this.isPaused = false;
this.lastTime = performance.now();
}
});
// Load version
this.loadVersion();
}
/**
* Toggle performance monitor visibility
*/
togglePerformanceMonitor() {
this.perfMonitorVisible = !this.perfMonitorVisible;
const monitor = document.getElementById('perfMonitor');
if (this.perfMonitorVisible) {
monitor.classList.add('visible');
console.log('Performance monitor enabled');
} else {
monitor.classList.remove('visible');
console.log('Performance monitor disabled');
}
}
/**
* Handle device motion for shake detection
* @param {DeviceMotionEvent} event
*/
handleDeviceMotion(event) {
const acceleration = event.accelerationIncludingGravity;
if (!acceleration) return;
const currentTime = Date.now();
const timeDiff = currentTime - this.shakeDetection.lastShakeTime;
if (timeDiff > 100) { // Check every 100ms
const { x = 0, y = 0, z = 0 } = acceleration;
const deltaX = Math.abs(x - this.shakeDetection.lastX);
const deltaY = Math.abs(y - this.shakeDetection.lastY);
const deltaZ = Math.abs(z - this.shakeDetection.lastZ);
if (deltaX + deltaY + deltaZ > this.shakeDetection.shakeThreshold) {
this.shakeDetection.shakeCount++;
// Toggle after 2 shakes within 500ms
if (this.shakeDetection.shakeCount >= 2) {
this.togglePerformanceMonitor();
this.shakeDetection.shakeCount = 0;
}
} else {
this.shakeDetection.shakeCount = 0;
}
this.shakeDetection.lastX = x;
this.shakeDetection.lastY = y;
this.shakeDetection.lastZ = z;
this.shakeDetection.lastShakeTime = currentTime;
}
}
loadVersion() {
fetch('/version.json')
.then(response => {
if (response.ok) {
return response.json();
}
throw new Error('Version file not found');
})
.then(data => {
const versionElement = document.getElementById('versionNumber');
if (versionElement && data.version) {
versionElement.textContent = data.version;
}
})
.catch(error => {
console.debug('Version information not available:', error.message);
});
}
onWindowResize() {
this.camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
this.camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
this.renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
}
/**
* Main game loop - calculates deltaTime and updates all systems
* @param {number} [currentTime] - Current timestamp from requestAnimationFrame
*/
animate(currentTime = performance.now()) {
requestAnimationFrame((time) => this.animate(time));
// If paused, skip updates but keep rendering
if (this.isPaused) {
this.renderer.render(this.scene, this.camera);
return;
}
// Calculate deltaTime in seconds
const deltaTime = Math.min((currentTime - this.lastTime) / 1000, this.maxDeltaTime);
this.lastTime = currentTime;
// Update performance monitor with smoothed values
if (this.perfMonitorVisible) {
// Calculate instant FPS from deltaTime
const instantFPS = 1 / deltaTime;
// Smooth FPS using exponential moving average for stability
this.smoothedFPS = this.smoothedFPS * 0.9 + instantFPS * 0.1;
// Update display every 100ms for real-time feel without flickering
if (currentTime - this.lastPerfUpdate >= 100) {
const frameTime = (deltaTime * 1000).toFixed(1);
const entityCount = this.world.entities.size;
document.getElementById('fps').textContent = Math.round(this.smoothedFPS);
document.getElementById('frameTime').textContent = frameTime;
document.getElementById('entityCount').textContent = entityCount;
this.lastPerfUpdate = currentTime;
}
}
if (this.gameActive) {
// Update ECS world with actual deltaTime
this.world.update(deltaTime);
// Update camera
this.updateCamera();
}
// Render scene
this.renderer.render(this.scene, this.camera);
}
}

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import { Game } from './game/Game.js';
// Start the game immediately (script is at end of body, DOM is ready)
console.log('Starting 3D Coin Collector Game with ECS Architecture');
console.log('Press "T" to toggle performance monitor (or shake device on mobile)');
// Wait a tick to ensure everything is loaded
setTimeout(() => {
try {
const game = new Game();
// Make game accessible from console for debugging
window.game = game;
} catch (error) {
console.error('Game initialization failed:', error);
}
}, 0);

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import { System } from '../ecs/System.js';
import { BoundaryConstrained } from '../components/Tags.js';
import { Transform } from '../components/Transform.js';
import { Velocity } from '../components/Velocity.js';
/**
* BoundarySystem - keeps entities within defined boundaries
*/
export class BoundarySystem extends System {
update(_deltaTime) {
const entities = this.getEntities(BoundaryConstrained, Transform);
for (const entityId of entities) {
const boundary = this.getComponent(entityId, BoundaryConstrained);
const transform = this.getComponent(entityId, Transform);
const velocity = this.getComponent(entityId, Velocity);
const limit = boundary.getBoundary();
// Clamp position to boundaries
const clamped = {
x: Math.max(-limit, Math.min(limit, transform.position.x)),
z: Math.max(-limit, Math.min(limit, transform.position.z))
};
// If clamped, update position and stop velocity
if (clamped.x !== transform.position.x) {
transform.position.x = clamped.x;
if (velocity) {
velocity.velocity.x = 0;
}
}
if (clamped.z !== transform.position.z) {
transform.position.z = clamped.z;
if (velocity) {
velocity.velocity.z = 0;
}
}
}
}
}

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import { System } from '../ecs/System.js';
import { CoinTag } from '../components/Tags.js';
import { Transform } from '../components/Transform.js';
/**
* CoinSystem - handles coin-specific behavior (rotation and bobbing)
*/
export class CoinSystem extends System {
constructor() {
super();
this.elapsedTime = 0;
}
update(deltaTime) {
this.elapsedTime += deltaTime;
const coins = this.getEntities(CoinTag, Transform);
for (const entityId of coins) {
const coinTag = this.getComponent(entityId, CoinTag);
const transform = this.getComponent(entityId, Transform);
// Rotate coin (frame-rate independent)
// rotationSpeed is radians per second
transform.rotation.y += coinTag.rotationSpeed * 60 * deltaTime;
// Bob up and down using accumulated time
const baseY = 0.5;
const timeScale = 3; // Speed multiplier (3 matches original 0.003 * 1000ms)
transform.position.y = baseY + Math.sin(this.elapsedTime * timeScale + coinTag.index) * coinTag.bobAmount;
}
}
}

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import { System } from '../ecs/System.js';
import { Transform } from '../components/Transform.js';
import { Collidable } from '../components/Collidable.js';
/**
* CollisionSystem - detects and reports collisions
*/
export class CollisionSystem extends System {
constructor() {
super();
this.collisionCallbacks = [];
}
/**
* Register a callback for collision events
* @param {Function} callback - (entity1Id, entity2Id, layer1, layer2) => void
*/
onCollision(callback) {
this.collisionCallbacks.push(callback);
}
/**
* Update collision detection
* Note: Entity list is captured at the start of update, but entities may be
* destroyed during collision callbacks, so we need defensive null checks.
* @param {number} _deltaTime - Time since last frame (unused - collision is instantaneous)
*/
update(_deltaTime) {
const entities = this.getEntities(Transform, Collidable);
// Track checked pairs to avoid duplicate collision callbacks this frame
const checkedPairs = new Set();
// Check all pairs of collidable entities
for (let i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
for (let j = i + 1; j < entities.length; j++) {
const entity1 = entities[i];
const entity2 = entities[j];
// Create unique pair ID
const pairId = `${Math.min(entity1, entity2)}-${Math.max(entity1, entity2)}`;
if (checkedPairs.has(pairId)) continue;
checkedPairs.add(pairId);
const transform1 = this.getComponent(entity1, Transform);
const transform2 = this.getComponent(entity2, Transform);
const collidable1 = this.getComponent(entity1, Collidable);
const collidable2 = this.getComponent(entity2, Collidable);
// Skip if entity was destroyed during collision handling this frame
if (!transform1 || !transform2 || !collidable1 || !collidable2) {
continue;
}
// Calculate distance between entities
const distance = transform1.position.distanceTo(transform2.position);
// Determine which radius to use (use non-player radius, or sum if both non-player)
let collisionRadius;
if (collidable1.layer === 'player') {
collisionRadius = collidable2.radius; // Use other entity's radius
} else if (collidable2.layer === 'player') {
collisionRadius = collidable1.radius; // Use other entity's radius
} else {
// Both are non-player, use sum of radii
collisionRadius = collidable1.radius + collidable2.radius;
}
// Check if colliding
if (distance < collisionRadius) {
// Notify all collision callbacks
for (const callback of this.collisionCallbacks) {
callback(entity1, entity2, collidable1.layer, collidable2.layer);
}
}
}
}
}
}

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import { System } from '../ecs/System.js';
/**
* InputSystem - manages keyboard and touch input
*/
export class InputSystem extends System {
constructor() {
super();
this.keys = {};
this.touch = {
active: false,
startX: 0,
startY: 0,
currentX: 0,
currentY: 0,
id: null
};
}
init() {
// Keyboard events
window.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
this.keys[e.key.toLowerCase()] = true;
});
window.addEventListener('keyup', (e) => {
this.keys[e.key.toLowerCase()] = false;
});
// Touch events
const canvas = document.querySelector('canvas');
if (canvas) {
canvas.addEventListener('touchstart', (e) => this.handleTouchStart(e), { passive: false });
canvas.addEventListener('touchmove', (e) => this.handleTouchMove(e), { passive: false });
canvas.addEventListener('touchend', (e) => this.handleTouchEnd(e), { passive: false });
canvas.addEventListener('touchcancel', (e) => this.handleTouchEnd(e), { passive: false });
}
}
handleTouchStart(e) {
e.preventDefault();
if (this.touch.active) return;
const touch = e.touches[0];
const rect = e.target.getBoundingClientRect();
this.touch.startX = rect.left + rect.width / 2;
this.touch.startY = rect.top + rect.height / 2;
this.touch.currentX = touch.clientX;
this.touch.currentY = touch.clientY;
this.touch.id = touch.identifier;
this.touch.active = true;
}
handleTouchMove(e) {
e.preventDefault();
if (!this.touch.active) return;
const touch = Array.from(e.touches).find(t => t.identifier === this.touch.id);
if (!touch) return;
this.touch.currentX = touch.clientX;
this.touch.currentY = touch.clientY;
}
handleTouchEnd(e) {
e.preventDefault();
if (!this.touch.active) return;
const touch = Array.from(e.changedTouches).find(t => t.identifier === this.touch.id);
if (!touch) return;
this.touch.active = false;
this.touch.id = null;
}
isKeyPressed(key) {
return this.keys[key] || this.keys['arrow' + key] || false;
}
getTouchDirection() {
if (!this.touch.active) {
return { x: 0, y: 0 };
}
const deltaX = this.touch.currentX - this.touch.startX;
const deltaY = this.touch.currentY - this.touch.startY;
const distance = Math.sqrt(deltaX * deltaX + deltaY * deltaY);
const threshold = 10;
if (distance < threshold) {
return { x: 0, y: 0 };
}
const normalizedX = deltaX / distance;
const normalizedY = deltaY / distance;
return { x: normalizedX, y: normalizedY };
}
update(_deltaTime) {
// Input is passive, just stores state for other systems to query
}
}

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import { System } from '../ecs/System.js';
import { Transform } from '../components/Transform.js';
import { Velocity } from '../components/Velocity.js';
/**
* MovementSystem - applies velocity to transform (frame-rate independent)
*/
export class MovementSystem extends System {
update(deltaTime) {
const entities = this.getEntities(Transform, Velocity);
for (const entityId of entities) {
const transform = this.getComponent(entityId, Transform);
const velocity = this.getComponent(entityId, Velocity);
// Apply velocity scaled by deltaTime for frame-rate independence
// Velocity is in units per second, deltaTime converts to units per frame
const displacement = velocity.velocity.clone().multiplyScalar(deltaTime * 60);
transform.position.add(displacement);
}
}
}

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import { System } from '../ecs/System.js';
import { ObstacleTag, BoundaryConstrained } from '../components/Tags.js';
import { Transform } from '../components/Transform.js';
import { Velocity } from '../components/Velocity.js';
/**
* ObstacleSystem - handles obstacle-specific behavior
*/
export class ObstacleSystem extends System {
update(_deltaTime) {
const obstacles = this.getEntities(ObstacleTag, Transform, Velocity, BoundaryConstrained);
for (const entityId of obstacles) {
const transform = this.getComponent(entityId, Transform);
const velocity = this.getComponent(entityId, Velocity);
const boundary = this.getComponent(entityId, BoundaryConstrained);
const boundaryLimit = boundary.getBoundary() - 1;
// Bounce off boundaries
if (Math.abs(transform.position.x) > boundaryLimit) {
velocity.velocity.x *= -1;
// Clamp position
transform.position.x = Math.sign(transform.position.x) * boundaryLimit;
}
if (Math.abs(transform.position.z) > boundaryLimit) {
velocity.velocity.z *= -1;
// Clamp position
transform.position.z = Math.sign(transform.position.z) * boundaryLimit;
}
}
}
}

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import { System } from '../ecs/System.js';
import { PlayerTag } from '../components/Tags.js';
import { Velocity } from '../components/Velocity.js';
import { Transform } from '../components/Transform.js';
/**
* PlayerControlSystem - handles player input and applies to velocity
*/
export class PlayerControlSystem extends System {
constructor(inputSystem) {
super();
this.inputSystem = inputSystem;
}
update(deltaTime) {
const players = this.getEntities(PlayerTag, Velocity, Transform);
for (const entityId of players) {
const velocity = this.getComponent(entityId, Velocity);
const transform = this.getComponent(entityId, Transform);
// Calculate target velocity from input
const targetVelocity = new window.THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0);
// Keyboard input
if (this.inputSystem.isKeyPressed('w') || this.inputSystem.isKeyPressed('up')) {
targetVelocity.z -= velocity.maxSpeed;
}
if (this.inputSystem.isKeyPressed('s') || this.inputSystem.isKeyPressed('down')) {
targetVelocity.z += velocity.maxSpeed;
}
if (this.inputSystem.isKeyPressed('a') || this.inputSystem.isKeyPressed('left')) {
targetVelocity.x -= velocity.maxSpeed;
}
if (this.inputSystem.isKeyPressed('d') || this.inputSystem.isKeyPressed('right')) {
targetVelocity.x += velocity.maxSpeed;
}
// Touch input
const touch = this.inputSystem.getTouchDirection();
if (Math.abs(touch.x) > 0.3) {
targetVelocity.x = touch.x * velocity.maxSpeed;
}
if (Math.abs(touch.y) > 0.3) {
targetVelocity.z = touch.y * velocity.maxSpeed;
}
// Apply smooth acceleration/deceleration
const isMoving = targetVelocity.length() > 0;
const accelRate = isMoving ? velocity.acceleration : velocity.deceleration;
// Smooth interpolation for each axis
const velDiffX = targetVelocity.x - velocity.velocity.x;
const velDiffZ = targetVelocity.z - velocity.velocity.z;
if (Math.abs(velDiffX) > 0.001) {
velocity.velocity.x += velDiffX * accelRate;
} else {
velocity.velocity.x = targetVelocity.x;
}
if (Math.abs(velDiffZ) > 0.001) {
velocity.velocity.z += velDiffZ * accelRate;
} else {
velocity.velocity.z = targetVelocity.z;
}
// Rotate player when moving (frame-rate independent)
// Original was 0.1 per frame at ~60fps = 6 rad/s
if (velocity.velocity.length() > 0.01) {
transform.rotation.y += 6 * deltaTime;
}
}
}
}

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import { System } from '../ecs/System.js';
import { Transform } from '../components/Transform.js';
import { MeshComponent } from '../components/MeshComponent.js';
/**
* RenderSystem - syncs Three.js mesh positions with Transform components
*/
export class RenderSystem extends System {
constructor(scene) {
super();
this.scene = scene;
}
update(_deltaTime) {
const entities = this.getEntities(Transform, MeshComponent);
for (const entityId of entities) {
const transform = this.getComponent(entityId, Transform);
const meshComp = this.getComponent(entityId, MeshComponent);
// Sync mesh transform with component
meshComp.mesh.position.copy(transform.position);
meshComp.mesh.rotation.copy(transform.rotation);
meshComp.mesh.scale.copy(transform.scale);
}
}
}